Tag: Residential Appraisal

Request a quote

Our blog

Latest news
& events

Homes for sale on a Chicago street during the fall 2026 housing market
Fall 2026 Housing Market Brings Buyers More Choices

Buyers heading into the fall 2026 housing market will find more homes to choose from than they did a year ago. Prices, on the other hand, are barely moving. The national numbers for mid-August describe a market that is loosening slowly rather than breaking, and Chicago is quietly running against the grain.

By the end of this article, you’ll know:

  • Where inventory, sales, and prices stand as of mid-August 2026
  • Why Chicago home values are still rising while the national market flattens
  • What a flat market with heavy price cutting means for your home’s appraised value

What the Fall 2026 Housing Market Numbers Show

Four numbers tell the story. Mortgage rates climbed about 30 basis points in July and now sit near their highest levels of the year. Pending home sales came in around 77,000 new contracts in a recent week. That is down 3.9 percent from a year ago. Total inventory sits just above 1.1 million homes, about 1.4 percent higher than last year. The national median price for single family homes is holding near $399,000, essentially flat year over year.

Fall 2026 housing market inventory at 1.1 million homes compared to 2025, 2024, and 2017

The weekly tracking comes from Altos Research, which counts every active listing in the country. The longer arc shows up in the Federal Reserve’s national active listing data as well: supply has been rebuilding for several years, but it is still climbing gradually, not flooding the market.

Compare this to September 2023, when rates jumped 70 basis points in a single month and demand fell hard. Rates have moved a similar amount this time, but over five months. So the squeeze is real, just slower and easier to miss.

Why Chicago Is Running Against the National Grain

National averages hide a lot. Markets with plenty of supply, including Las Vegas and Seattle, are seeing slightly negative price movement. Recovering metros such as San Francisco and Miami have flipped back to appreciation. Tight supply markets, and Chicago is the clearest example, are still posting gains.

Chicago never overbuilt during the pandemic run, and listing activity here has stayed thin relative to demand. When few homes come to market, even modest buyer interest keeps prices firm. That is why a homeowner in Portage Park or Evanston can still see values inching up while the national headline reads flat.

In practice, this split means national coverage tells you very little about your own block. A Chicago real estate appraisal works from local sales, local supply, and the specific condition of your property, which is where the real answer lives.

Price Reductions Are the Early Warning System

One national figure deserves special attention: 41.7 percent of homes on the market have taken a cut from their original list price. At the current pace, that share will pass last year’s level sometime in September.

Price reductions matter because they lead sale prices by roughly three to six months. Sellers adjust their asking price before closed sales show any weakness. So a rising reduction rate in August hints at softer closing prices heading into winter, even while the median holds steady today.

Still, a price cut is not a crash signal. Reduction rates ran at similar levels last fall, and national prices finished the year flat rather than down. The takeaway is direction, not disaster: sellers have less pricing power than the headline median suggests.

What a Flat Market Means for Your Home’s Appraised Value

A flat market is deceptively tricky for valuation. When prices rise or fall steadily, recent sales point clearly in one direction. When the market goes sideways with four in ten listings cutting price, the spread between asking prices and closed prices widens. Two similar homes on the same street can sell months apart at noticeably different numbers.

This is where automated estimates struggle. Algorithms lean heavily on list prices and older sales, and both are unreliable guides right now. An appraiser instead works from verified closed sales, adjusts for condition and timing, and weighs how long comparable homes actually sat before selling.

For homeowners, the flat national picture cuts both ways. If you are selling, pricing to the market on day one matters more than usual, because chasing the market down with reductions costs both time and money. The stakes rise further in an estate, a divorce, or a tax appeal. In those settings, a defensible number matters most exactly when public data sends mixed signals. Our residential appraisal services exist for exactly these moments.

Waiting for Lower Rates Carries Its Own Cost

Plenty of buyers are sitting out this fall, waiting for rates to drop. That is understandable, but the trade is rarely free. When rates fall, sidelined demand tends to return quickly, and competition comes back with it. More inventory and less competition almost never arrive at the same time.

Buyers shopping this fall face higher borrowing costs but more choices, more negotiating room, and sellers who have already trimmed their expectations. Buyers who wait may get a cheaper loan on a more expensive, more contested house. Neither path is wrong. But each one has a price tag, and it helps to see both clearly.

How to Read Your Own Market This Fall

Ignore the national median and watch three local signals instead. First, how many homes like yours are actually for sale within a mile or two. Second, what share of those listings have cut their price. Third, how long recent sales sat on the market before going under contract. Those three numbers reveal whether your neighborhood behaves like flat national America or like tight supply Chicago. Then, if a real decision rides on the answer, skip the algorithm. Get a professional opinion of value instead.

Your Block Is Not the National Average

Flat headlines, rising Chicago values, and four in ten listings cutting price. An independent appraisal cuts through the noise with a number built from your street, not the country’s.

Get a Local Value

Frequently Asked Questions

Is fall 2026 a buyer’s market?

Not fully, but it leans that way in many metros. Inventory is above 1.1 million homes and 41.7 percent of listings have cut their price, so buyers have more choices and more room to negotiate. Tight supply markets like Chicago remain closer to balanced.

Why are home prices flat when inventory is rising?

Inventory is rising slowly, about 1.4 percent year over year, while demand has cooled by a similar amount. Supply and demand are weakening together, so the national median price near $399,000 has stayed essentially unchanged from last year.

Are Chicago home prices still going up in 2026?

Yes. Chicago remains a tight supply market, and homes here are still posting modest gains even as the national median stays flat. Local supply, not the national headline, is what drives values on your block.

What does a 41.7 percent price reduction rate mean?

It means 41.7 percent of active listings have lowered their price from the original asking number. Price reductions lead closed sale prices by roughly three to six months, so a rising rate suggests softer prices ahead, though not necessarily declines.

Should I wait for mortgage rates to drop before buying?

Waiting can backfire. When rates fall, sidelined buyers return and competition rises with them. Today’s market offers more inventory and more negotiating room, so the choice is between a cheaper loan later or a better selection now.

Get a Number You Can Act On

Founded in Chicago and led by designated MAI and SRA appraisers, PahRoo Appraisal & Consultancy values residential and commercial property across Cook County, Dallas-Fort Worth, Philadelphia, Phoenix, and Naples. Whether you need a market value opinion before listing, an estate or divorce appraisal, or support for a tax appeal, our real estate appraisal services deliver independent, defensible answers you can build a decision on.

Renovated Chicago home kitchen listed for sale with unpermitted work
How to Sell a House With Unpermitted Work in Chicago

I was appraising a home in Bucktown last month. Beautiful renovation: open kitchen, custom cabinetry, new bathrooms, updated electrical. None of it had ever been permitted. So can you sell a house with unpermitted work? Yes, but not at the price her broker had assumed, and not to every buyer.

When unpermitted work surfaces during an appraisal, four things happen at once. The appraiser must disclose it. The lender’s underwriting shifts. The buyer pool narrows. And the seller lands in a conversation nobody planned for. Here is how each plays out, and what to do before the appraisal is ordered.

By the end of this article, you’ll know:

  • How appraisers and lenders are required to treat unpermitted renovations
  • How Chicago’s retroactive permit process works, and what it costs in time
  • Three pricing strategies for listing a home with unpermitted work

What Happens When You Sell a House With Unpermitted Work

The appraiser cannot look away. Under USPAP and the Fannie Mae Selling Guide B4-1.3-05, an appraiser who identifies unpermitted additions or improvements must comment on the quality and appearance of the work. Then they must assess its effect, if any, on market value.

That analysis turns on three questions. Was the work done in a workmanlike manner, with sound structure and materials that match the neighborhood? Would a typical buyer in this market accept it, or treat it as a negotiating problem? And if the work had to be permitted retroactively or removed, what would that cost?

Unpermitted work is not automatically excluded from value. A skilled renovation, typical of the market, may contribute close to its full worth. A poorly executed one may contribute very little. But either way, it gets analyzed and disclosed. Our residential appraisers see this in Chicago constantly, and the sellers who fare best are the ones who knew before the report landed.

How Different Lenders React to Unpermitted Work

Financing programs do not treat unpermitted work the same way, and this is where the buyer pool starts shrinking.

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will generally finance a property with unpermitted work once the appraiser has addressed quality and market impact. The space can even count toward gross living area if it is workmanlike and typical for the market. Individual lenders may layer on stricter overlays.

FHA is tougher. The property must meet the Minimum Property Requirements in HUD Handbook 4000.1. Significant unpermitted work can push the appraisal to “subject to” status, meaning the loan cannot close until the work is permitted or corrected. VA loans follow a similar pattern under their own property requirements.

Cash buyers face no lender rules at all. They simply use the unpermitted status to negotiate the price down. So a home with substantial unpermitted work often ends up competing for cash buyers and flexible conventional borrowers, while government-insured buyers drop out entirely.

The Chicago Retroactive Permit Process

For many sellers, permitting the work after the fact is the cleanest fix. The Chicago Department of Buildings handles it in a recognizable sequence: application, plan submission, plan review, inspection, correction of any deficiencies, then permit issuance.

The plans are usually the first surprise. Electrical, plumbing, and structural work typically require professional drawings of what was already built, which means architect or engineer fees before the city sees anything. The second surprise is the inspection. The completed work must meet current code, so older wiring, unvented plumbing, and unsupported structural changes all trigger correction orders before the permit issues.

Plan for roughly two to four months on a typical residential project, longer when corrections stack up. Costs run from a few thousand dollars for simple work to far more when code fixes are required. Chicago also charges more for work started without a permit, and fines can apply on top. Worse, if the city discovers the work before the seller addresses it, a stop-work order can freeze everything mid-transaction.

Three Ways to Price a Home With Unpermitted Work

Brokers have three workable strategies, and each trades money for time in a different direction.

The first is pricing at unpermitted market value. List at what the property is worth given its actual permit status. This attracts cash and flexible conventional buyers immediately. It is the fastest path to closing and the lowest number.

The second is permitting before listing. The seller completes retroactive permitting first, then lists a fully documented property to the entire buyer pool at full market value. It usually produces the best financial outcome, if the seller can absorb the months of delay and the upfront cost.

The third is disclosing and negotiating. List near full market value with the unpermitted status clearly disclosed, then handle it through price reductions or credits during the deal. This approach is common. It also produces the most extended escrows and the most collapsed contracts, because the buyer’s lender gets a vote.

Ask About Permits Before the Listing Agreement Is Signed

The intake walkthrough is where this problem should surface, not the appraisal. Ask every seller: What has been renovated since you bought the home? Which projects had permits pulled, and do you have the final inspection approvals? Was anything done by a prior owner? Has the electrical panel been upgraded, plumbing rerouted, or rooms reconfigured?

If the answers point to unpermitted work, the broker can recommend retroactive permitting, adjust the pricing strategy, or walk away from the listing. The one option that fails is assuming the appraisal will not catch it. A pre-listing appraisal answers the value question before a lender’s appraiser answers it for you, and it gives the seller real numbers to choose a strategy with.

Listing a Home With Unpermitted Work?

A pre-listing appraisal from PahRoo tells you what the property is worth as it stands, and what permitting would change, before a buyer’s lender decides for you.

Get a Pre-Listing Appraisal

Frequently Asked Questions

Can you sell a house with unpermitted work in Chicago?

Yes. Unpermitted work does not block a sale, but it must be disclosed, the appraiser must analyze it, and some financing programs will not close until it is permitted or corrected. The practical effect is a smaller buyer pool and pricing pressure.

Does unpermitted work count in the appraised value?

Sometimes. Fannie Mae guidance lets appraisers give value to unpermitted improvements that are workmanlike and typical for the market. Poor-quality work may contribute little or nothing. The appraiser must comment on the work and its market impact either way.

Will FHA finance a home with unpermitted renovations?

Only if the property still meets FHA Minimum Property Requirements under HUD Handbook 4000.1. Significant unpermitted work often makes the appraisal “subject to” repairs or permits, which delays or blocks closing until resolved.

How long does a retroactive permit take in Chicago?

Plan for roughly two to four months on a typical residential project. The timeline covers application, professional drawings, city plan review, inspection, and any code corrections. Complex projects or required repairs extend it.

Should a seller permit the work before listing or just disclose it?

Permitting first usually brings the best price because the full buyer pool returns. Disclosing and negotiating is faster to market but tends to mean longer escrows and lender complications. A pre-listing appraisal quantifies the gap so the seller can decide with real numbers.

Know the Number Before the Buyer’s Lender Does

PahRoo Appraisal & Consultancy provides pre-listing, lending, and litigation-ready real estate appraisal services across Chicago and Cook County, Dallas-Fort Worth, Philadelphia, Phoenix, and Naples. Our team appraises renovated and Chicago-area homes with unpermitted improvements every week. Questions about a specific property? Contact our team or call 773-388-0003.


Vintage home appraisal story about a 1901 Chicago brick house with a bedroom and no closet.
Vintage Home Appraisal: The Bedroom With No Closet

One of our residential appraisers recently stood in a Chicago bedroom built in 1901 and noticed something missing. There was no closet. On a modern checklist, that looks like a problem. In a vintage home appraisal, it tells a story about how people actually lived.

By the end of this article, you’ll know:

  • Why homes built before the 1920s often have bedrooms without closets
  • Whether a room needs a closet to count as a bedroom
  • How market support saved a three-bedroom count after a renovation removed a closet

What a Vintage Home Appraisal Sees That a Checklist Misses

Plenty of people believe a room without a closet cannot be a bedroom. It is one of the most persistent myths in residential real estate. In fact, Fannie Mae’s appraisal guidance contains no closet requirement. A bedroom needs adequate size, ceiling height, privacy, heat, and a window or door for emergency egress. The closet rule comes from habit, not from the standards appraisers follow.

Still, habit shapes markets. Buyers expect closets, agents list rooms based on them, and an appraiser who treats every house like new construction will mark a closet-free room down without a second thought. That is where experience earns its fee. Our residential appraisal work across Chicago’s older housing stock means we read a 1901 floor plan on its own terms, then test that reading against real market evidence.

Why Homes Built in 1901 Rarely Have Bedroom Closets

In 1901, families did not organize their lives around hanging rods. Most clothing lived in wardrobes and large cedar trunks, often one trunk per person, parked at the foot of the bed. Some homes went a step further and built a single oversized cedar closet for the whole household. Individual bedrooms stayed small and simple, sized for a bed and a trunk and little else.

Chicago’s early twentieth century housing boom produced tens of thousands of these homes. The Chicago History Museum documents how bungalows and workers’ cottages filled the city’s neighborhoods as the population surged. Organizations like the Chicago Bungalow Association now work to preserve these layouts as a signature of the era. So when you walk into a vintage bedroom and find no closet, you are not looking at a defect. You are looking at 1901.

The Bathroom Addition That Nearly Erased a Bedroom

Now the story. The subject property was a three-bedroom home, built in 1901, with one and a half bathrooms. In 2025, the owners added a second full bathroom. Smart move on paper, because bathrooms carry real value in older housing stock. But the new bathroom took its space from a bedroom closet, which was removed entirely.

Here is the trap. Judged purely by modern convention, the home now reads as two bedrooms plus an office. That single reclassification can shift the comparable pool, the marketing story, and the final value. A renovation meant to add value would have quietly subtracted a bedroom instead. The owners had no idea. Most owners never do, because nobody warns them that a closet can carry that much weight on a report.

How Market Support Kept the Third Bedroom on the Report

Our appraiser did not simply declare the room a bedroom and move on. Sympathy is not a valuation method. Instead, she built the case. The home’s 1901 construction date placed it firmly in Chicago’s vintage stock, where closet-free bedrooms are a documented, common layout. Comparable vintage homes in the market sell as three-bedroom houses with the same configuration, and buyers in this segment accept the trade.

That is market support: a conclusion backed by evidence of how actual buyers and sellers behave, not by personal opinion. With the era established and the comparables in hand, the report could credibly carry the home as a three-bedroom. The bedroom count survived, the new bathroom added its value, and the renovation did what the owners intended. The difference between those two outcomes was never the house. It was the appraiser’s knowledge of what 1901 means.

What Owners of Older Chicago Homes Should Do Before an Appraisal

First, learn your home’s era before you remodel it. A change that seems harmless, like absorbing a closet into a new bathroom, can alter how a room is classified. Second, keep records of what your home originally looked like, because floor plans and old listing photos help an appraiser reconstruct the vintage layout. Third, and most important, choose an appraiser who knows your housing stock. A checklist can count rooms. Only experience can explain them. If your home was built before the 1920s, ask directly how the appraiser handles vintage layouts. The answer will tell you a lot.

Own a Vintage Home? Get an Appraiser Who Can Read Its Era

A 1901 floor plan deserves more than a modern checklist. PahRoo’s appraisers know Chicago’s vintage housing stock and back every conclusion with market evidence.

Request Your Appraisal Quote

Frequently Asked Questions

Does a bedroom need a closet to count in an appraisal?

No. Fannie Mae guidelines and the International Residential Code do not require a closet. A bedroom needs adequate size, ceiling height, a heat source, privacy, and a window or door for emergency egress. The closet rule is a common myth.

Why do older homes have bedrooms without closets?

Before the 1920s, most families stored clothing in wardrobes and cedar trunks rather than built-in closets. Many vintage Chicago homes also used one large shared cedar closet instead of individual bedroom closets. The layout reflects how people lived at the time.

Can a renovation lower my home’s appraised value?

It can. A renovation that removes a feature buyers expect, such as a bedroom closet, may change how a room is classified. Before you remodel an older home, consider what the change does to room count and functional utility, not just the new feature you gain.

What does market support mean in an appraisal?

Market support means the appraiser backs a conclusion with evidence from actual sales. If comparable vintage homes with closet-free bedrooms sell as three-bedroom houses, the market treats those rooms as bedrooms. The appraiser can then classify the subject home the same way.

Should I add closets to my vintage home before an appraisal?

Not automatically. In many vintage markets, buyers accept period layouts, and forcing modern closets into small rooms can hurt function. Talk with an appraiser who knows your local vintage housing stock before spending money on changes.

Need an Independent Appraisal?

PahRoo Appraisal & Consultancy has appraised Chicago’s housing stock for decades, from 1901 workers’ cottages to new construction. Whether you need a residential appraisal, an independent valuation for divorce proceedings, or simply a straight answer about what your vintage home is worth, our team is ready. Learn more about PahRoo or contact us today.


Property condition concerns identified during home appraisal inspection
Pest Infestations and What an Appraisal Must Say

The fleas started jumping before our appraiser finished the first floor. Roaches were visible in more than one room. Pest infestations at that level stop being a line in the condition section. They become a question about whether the inspection can safely finish.

By the end of this article, you’ll know:

  • What an appraisal report has to say when the appraiser sees evidence of infestation
  • When a lender can still close as is, and when the report goes subject to
  • What the Illinois disclosure form asks sellers about pests, and what it leaves out

What Pest Infestations Do to an Appraisal

Start with what the appraiser is and is not. An appraiser is not a pest inspector. Nobody on our side diagnoses an infestation, prices a treatment, or certifies that a house is clear.

The reporting duty is narrower than that, and firmer. Fannie Mae’s Selling Guide says an inspection covers the accessible areas of a property. Appraisers carry no responsibility for hidden or unapparent conditions. But the report must reflect adverse conditions that were apparent during the visit. Detrimental conditions get reported even when they are typical for competing properties nearby (Selling Guide B4-1.3-06).

So the first question after a bad walkthrough is not what this costs the value. It is what the report now has to say, and who reads it next.

Where a Condition Note Turns Into a Loan Problem

The guide has a short section titled Infestation, Dampness, or Settlement. That is the one that actually bites. When an appraisal shows evidence of infestation, the report must comment on the effect on value and on marketability.

The lender then has two ways to clear the file. One is satisfactory evidence that someone corrected the condition. The other is a professionally prepared report, based on an inspection, saying the condition poses no threat of structural damage. The appraisal itself should go subject to repairs, or subject to an inspection by a qualified professional.

Severity sets the path. Condition ratings run C1 through C6. A C6 means defects severe enough to affect the safety, soundness, or structural integrity of the improvements. If any portion of the dwelling rates C6, the whole dwelling rates C6. That loan cannot go to Fannie Mae until the deficiencies come out at C5 or better.

Worth noticing whose example the guide reaches for: wood-boring insects. Termites eat structure. Roaches, fleas and rodents usually do not. Most of the time they land in the value and marketability comment instead. That comment is the part brokers underestimate, because it travels with the file.

What a Lender Should Ask For When the Report Flags Infestation

If you are the one clearing the condition, four things are worth checking before the file moves.

Read the condition rating before anything else. A C6 is a delivery stop, not a negotiating point. Then check whether the report came in as is or subject to. If subject to, find out which one the appraiser chose: repairs, or an inspection by a qualified professional. The two close differently.

When the file clears on an inspection report, read what the inspector actually addressed. The guide asks for a professional opinion that the condition poses no threat of structural damage. A treatment receipt and a scheduled follow-up visit are not that document, and a reviewer will notice.

Finally, read the marketability comment on its own rather than folded into the value discussion. The two can move in different directions. A house can treat clean and still sit. Asking an appraiser to clarify a comment is fine. Asking for a different number is not, and a good appraiser will decline.

What the Illinois Disclosure Form Asks, and What It Leaves Out

Illinois sellers fill out the Residential Real Property Disclosure Report at 765 ILCS 77/35. It runs 24 numbered statements. Two of them touch pests. Item 19 covers current infestations of termites or other wood boring insects. Item 20 covers a structural defect caused by a previous infestation of the same.

That is the whole list. No line for roaches. No line for rodents. No line for fleas.

The form still defines a material defect broadly. It covers a condition with a substantial adverse effect on value. It also covers one that would significantly impair the health or safety of future occupants. And it puts a continuing obligation on the seller to supplement the disclosure before closing. Whether a particular infestation meets that definition is a call for the seller’s attorney. Not for the appraiser, and not for the agent.

The practical move for a listing agent is simple enough. A missing checkbox is not a missing question. If a seller tells you about an active problem, get counsel in early. Three days before closing is too late to treat and document.

When the Inspection Itself Has to Stop

No assignment is worth a health risk. The appraiser makes that call on the spot. Leaving early protects the appraiser, but it also thins out the property observations. So the report has to disclose the limitation.

That disclosure travels. A reviewer sees it, the lender sees it, and most of the time it buys a second trip. In practice that is the expensive part of a pest problem. Not the value, the calendar. The return visit waits on treatment, and the report reconciles afterward.

One more thing an experienced appraiser watches for. Pests are usually a symptom. Standing water in a crawl space, a slow leak under a kitchen sink, a blocked floor drain in a basement. Reporting the roaches and skipping the water stain gets you half the story. The less useful half.

Clear the Condition Before the Report Locks It In

If you already know about a problem, deal with it before you order the appraisal. Treat the property, keep the invoice, and hand it over at the inspection. A documented cure gives the appraiser something concrete to report. It also gives the lender a clean way to close the condition out.

When the timing does not allow that, say so before the visit. A known condition someone raised openly reads very differently than one the appraiser found on arrival. Either way, the report will describe what was there. The only part you control is whether it also describes what you did about it.

Condition Problem Standing Between You and a Closing?

Tell us what the property looks like now. We will tell you what the report will have to say about it, and what your lender is likely to ask for next.

Request Your Appraisal

Frequently Asked Questions

Can a pest infestation lower a home appraisal?

Usually not on its own. The appraiser reports what is visible and comments on the effect on value and on marketability. A minor problem that someone already treated often changes neither. A severe one can move both, because buyers price in the cure and the uncertainty around it.

Do appraisers inspect for pests?

No. An appraiser is not a pest inspector and does not diagnose infestations or recommend treatment. The inspection covers the accessible areas of a property. The report then reflects adverse conditions that were apparent during the visit.

What does a subject to appraisal mean?

It means the value opinion rests on something happening first. That might be a specific repair, or an inspection by a qualified professional. Fannie Mae asks for that approach when an appraisal shows evidence of infestation, dampness, or abnormal settlement.

Does Illinois require a seller to disclose a pest problem?

The state disclosure report asks two pest questions. Both are limited to termites and other wood boring insects. Other infestations have no checkbox on the form. Whether one still counts as a material defect is a question for the seller’s attorney.

Should I treat the property before the appraisal?

When the timing allows, yes. Treating first and keeping the invoice gives the appraiser something to document. It also gives the lender a cleaner file. If treatment cannot happen first, tell the appraiser before the visit rather than after.

Appraisals That Document Condition Properly

PahRoo Appraisal & Consultancy works out of Lincolnwood and covers Chicago and Cook County, along with Dallas, Philadelphia, Phoenix and Naples. Michael Hobbs, MAI, SRA, signs every report. Our residential appraisal team handles condition-heavy assignments regularly. You can also read how a home appraisal runs from order to delivery, or see what our Chicago appraisal work covers.

Real estate appraiser working alone in a home symbolic of isolation in the appraisal profession
Why Most Appraisers Are Flying Solo and What We Can Do About It

 

 

 


In today’s evolving housing market, many real estate appraisers are flying solo and it’s starting to take a toll on both the profession and the professionals. In this episode of Appraisers on Purpose, we sit down with Susan Alley, a reviewer, former staff appraiser, business owner, and industry advocate who brings wisdom, warmth, and a sharp eye for what’s missing in today’s profession.

Appraising isn’t just technical — it’s personal.
And for many of us, it’s also isolating.

But does it have to be?

From glue-sticking reports in the office to building a nationwide compliance review firm, Susan’s story is real, relatable, and full of insights for appraisers at every stage of their journey.

🎙️ What You’ll Learn:

  • Why most appraisers are still working solo — and why that’s a problem
  • How reviewing hundreds of reports gave Susan a powerful “aha” moment
  • What every trainee should experience before ever setting foot in a house
  • The reality of tech changes, UAD updates, and industry burnout
  • Why “being nice” might be the most undervalued skill in appraisal

“There is no perfect appraisal. But there’s always a way to get better — and it usually starts with connection.” — Susan Alley

▶️ Watch the Episode:

Whether you’re a seasoned appraiser or just starting out, this conversation will challenge how you think about connection, compliance, and what it really means to build a career with purpose.

If you’re an appraiser looking to connect or grow professionally, our real estate appraisal services offer insight into both the technical and relational sides of the work. Whether you’re flying solo or building a team, the right support can make all the difference.

Listen on Spotify

Get in touch with us!


P.S. If you’re looking to feel less alone, stay sharp, and help shape the future of our industry — don’t miss this one.

 

Suburban neighborhood with red HOA risk sign, representing potential impact of homeowners associations on property value.
Can Your HOA Kill Property Value? 5 Things Every Homeowner Must Know

Your home might be your biggest investment — but what if the HOA is quietly killing its value?

Whether it’s aggressive rules, financial mismanagement, or lawsuits, some HOAs can seriously damage your resale price. Here’s what you need to know before it’s too late.

The Hidden Power of Your HOA

Most homeowners don’t realize how much influence an HOA has over their home’s market appeal. From enforcing neighborhood standards to managing shared spaces, HOA actions (or inactions) can shape how buyers and appraisers view your property.

Real Examples of HOAs Hurting Property Value

  • Ongoing lawsuits can scare away lenders and buyers
  • Strict rental or pet rules shrink your buyer pool
  • Deferred maintenance in common areas pulls down condition ratings for every unit

These issues don’t just affect perceptions. They can directly influence your home’s appraised value.

Appraiser Perspective: What We Look For

As appraisers, we consider more than just your home’s interior. If the HOA is underfunded, facing litigation, or showing signs of poor management, it can reduce demand and reduce value.

“A struggling HOA doesn’t just impact one unit. It creates a ripple effect that appraisers and buyers both notice.”

What You Can Do as a Homeowner

  • Attend HOA meetings and ask questions
  • Request and review financial statements before buying
  • Watch for large planned assessments or legal red flags
  • Talk to neighbors about their experience with the HOA

When to Call an Appraiser

If you’re unsure how your HOA might be impacting your home’s value, a professional appraisal can give you clarity. Pre-listing appraisals can uncover issues before they derail a sale.

Need help? We’ve got your back.

At PahRoo Appraisal & Consultancy, we’ve appraised thousands of properties in HOA-managed communities. We know what to look for and how to make sure you’re not blindsided when it matters most.

Get in touch with us today for a consultation or pre-listing appraisal and protect your home’s value.

Want more insights into how property value is shaped by hidden factors like HOAs, zoning, and market trends?

Subscribe to our podcast, Appraisers on Purpose
Or visit our YouTube channel @PahRooZings

We regularly feature real estate experts, appraisers, and professionals shari3ng actionable advice to help you protect your investment and make informed property decisions.


Michael Hobbs is the President of PahRoo Appraisal & Consultancy LLC, a leading Chicago-based firm providing residential and commercial real estate valuation services for over 25 years.

 

Outbuildings on a rural home that an appraiser must describe and analyze
Rural vs. Urban Appraisals: Why They’re Completely Different Beasts

Most talk about rural vs urban appraisals stops at the obvious point: the country has fewer sales. The harder part shows up on a house with ten acres, a pole barn and a horse shelter. That property raises questions a city condo never does. Which buildings count? How far can the appraiser reach for comps? And will a lender treat it as a home at all?

By the end of this article, you’ll know:

  • What Fannie Mae actually allows when rural comps are distant or old
  • How the outbuildings on a property can turn a value question into an eligibility question
  • What lenders and estate attorneys should check in a report on a home with acreage

Where Rural vs Urban Appraisals Actually Split

In a dense market the comps are close, recent and alike. Same block, same building type, sold this year. The analysis is mostly about small differences.

A home on acreage breaks that pattern. Fannie Mae’s Selling Guide says it plainly. Rural properties often have large lots, and rural locations can be relatively undeveloped. So there may be a shortage of recent, truly comparable sales nearby.

So the guide allows the appraiser to reach. If the best indicators of value sit a considerable distance away, those sales can be used when they produce credible results. The report has to explain why they were chosen. Every distance also gets stated in miles with a direction, measured in a straight line.

That explanation is the whole game. On a city appraisal, the comps mostly speak for themselves. On an acreage appraisal, the reasoning carries the value.

Older Sales, Farther Sales, and the Explanation That Comes With Them

The general rule is comparable sales closed within the last 12 months. But the guide carves out rural markets directly. Where sales activity is minimal, the appraiser may not find three truly comparable sales from the last year. Then older sales are acceptable, if the report explains why they were used.

Two other limits still hold. There must be at least three closed comparables. Sales from a competing market area are fine. But the appraiser cannot stretch the neighborhood boundary just to swallow the comps. The report has to say the sales come from a competing area and explain how that area compares.

When nothing truly comparable exists, the guide still allows the best available sales if the analysis is documented. What it does not allow is silence. An acreage report with distant or dated comps and no commentary draws a reviewer’s questions.

The Barn Question

This is where acreage appraisals differ most from anything in a city. Fannie Mae’s outbuildings guidance sorts them into three groups, and each one reads differently.

Minimal outbuildings, such as small barns or stables of relatively insignificant value, are acceptable. The comparable sales just have to show they are typical for residential properties in the area. An atypical minimal outbuilding is acceptable too, as long as the analysis gives it little or no contributory value.

Then there are significant outbuildings: silos, large barns, storage areas, facilities for farm-type animals. Here the guide changes the question. Their presence may indicate the property is agricultural in nature. Then the lender must determine whether it is residential, whether or not the appraiser assigns the buildings any value.

That last clause matters. A report that gives a large barn zero value has not settled the eligibility question. It has only settled the value question.

What a Lender Should Read Before the File Moves

If you are underwriting a home on acreage, four checks save a round of conditions later.

First, find the outbuildings in both places they belong. The guide expects them described in the Improvements section and in the Sales Comparison Approach section. Not in one and missing from the other.

Second, decide which of the three groups each building falls into. A pole barn for a riding mower and a machine shed for a working operation are different conversations. That holds even at the same square footage.

Third, read the comp commentary before the adjustment grid. Distance, age and competing-area sales all need an explanation. That explanation is where a weak report shows itself.

Finally, keep clarification and pressure separate. Asking the appraiser to describe an outbuilding more fully is fair. Asking for a different number is not, and a good appraiser will decline.

Estates With Acreage Run Into the Same Problems

Estate work adds a date to all of this. The IRS values a gross estate at fair market value as of the date of death. Not at what the decedent paid, and not at what the property was worth when acquired.

For a family property with land and outbuildings, that usually means a retrospective assignment in a thin market. The comp search reaches back to the date of death, not forward from today. It may also reach farther across the map than anyone expected.

The outbuildings need the same care they get in lending. What a barn cost to build and what it adds to market value are different numbers. Heirs often assume the first one. When siblings split a property or one buys out the others, that gap turns into the argument.

Tell the Appraiser About the Outbuildings Up Front

Most of the delays on acreage assignments start at the order. Tell the appraiser the acreage. List every outbuilding and what it is used for. Say whether anything on the property supports a business or animals. Mention whether the house runs on a well and septic, too.

None of that changes the value by itself. It changes the scope of the comp search and the outbuilding analysis. It also lets the appraiser flag an eligibility question before the report goes out, rather than after an underwriter finds it.

Appraising a Home With Land and Outbuildings?

Tell us the acreage, what sits on it, and who will read the report. We will scope the comp search and the outbuilding analysis before anyone sets foot on the property.

Start the Order

Frequently Asked Questions

How far can an appraiser go for comps on a rural property?

Fannie Mae sets no fixed mileage. If the best indicators of value are a considerable distance away, they can be used when they produce credible results. The report must explain why they were chosen and state each distance in miles with a direction.

Can a rural appraisal use sales older than 12 months?

Yes, when the market has minimal sales activity. Fannie Mae allows older comparable sales in rural areas as long as the appraiser explains why they are being used. At least three closed comparables are still required.

Does a barn add value to a house?

Sometimes. A barn adds what the market will pay for it, which is often far less than what it cost to build. Fannie Mae’s guidance also has the appraiser give an atypical minor outbuilding little or no contributory value.

Can a home with large outbuildings get a conventional mortgage?

It depends on the lender’s determination. Under Fannie Mae’s guidance, silos, large barns or animal facilities may indicate an agricultural property. Then the lender must decide whether it is residential in nature.

Does an estate with acreage need a different kind of appraisal?

It needs a value as of the date of death, which the IRS uses for estate property. With land and outbuildings, that usually means older and more distant comparable sales. It also means a careful look at what each building actually contributes.

Residential Appraisals Beyond the City Grid

PahRoo Appraisal & Consultancy works out of Lincolnwood, with operations in Dallas, Philadelphia, Phoenix and Naples. Michael Hobbs, MAI, SRA, signs every report. Our residential appraisal team handles homes on acreage as well as city properties, including the outbuildings that come with them. You can also read how a home appraisal runs from order to delivery.

Property Updates That Add Value According to an Appraiser

In Chicago, a new kitchen can come with two bills: the contractor’s and the assessor’s. That second bill surprises people, and so does the four-year tax break that can soften it. Between the city’s century-old housing stock and Cook County’s permit-driven assessment system, the renovations that add value in Chicago follow different rules than the national lists suggest. Here is how an appraiser reads them.

By the end of this article, you’ll know:

  • Which projects pay off in bungalows, two-flats, and greystones specifically
  • How your building permit reaches the assessor, and why 2027 matters
  • How the Home Improvement Exemption shields up to $75,000 of added value for four years

The Renovations That Add Value in Chicago’s Housing Stock

National remodeling lists assume a generic suburban house. Chicago is not that. Much of the city is brick bungalows, two-flats, and greystones built about a century ago, and that stock rewards specific moves.

In the bungalow belt, the money hides above and below the main floor. A dormered attic or a finished basement adds living area to a footprint that cannot grow sideways on a standard city lot. Buyers pay for that space, and appraisers count it when it is permitted and finished to code. In two-flats, the highest-value project is often not cosmetic at all. Bringing a second unit up to legal rental condition adds income the market capitalizes into price.

Age moves systems up the priority list too. In housing this old, updated electrical, plumbing, and roofing carry more weight than they would in a 1990s subdivision, because buyers here price in the risk of hundred-year-old infrastructure. A renovated kitchen sitting on knob-and-tube wiring impresses no one who reads an inspection report. So the national rule holds, only more strongly: function first, then finishes. One more Chicago habit worth keeping: check your own block before budgeting. Values shift street by street here, and the ceiling on a block of frame workers cottages differs from the greystone block two streets over.

The 2026 market raises the stakes on getting this right. Realtor.com’s Market Clock analysis places Chicago among the strongest seller markets in the country this year, with tight inventory across the Midwest. Renovated homes in that environment can command real premiums. But a hot market tempts owners into overbuilding, because everything seems to sell. The block’s ceiling still exists. It just hides better when demand runs high.

Your Permit Is Also a Postcard to the Assessor

Here is the part generic articles skip. In Cook County, building permits flow to the Assessor’s Office, which field-checks the improvement and updates the property’s records. Your renovation reaches the tax roll through the same paperwork that makes it legal. And the timing right now is worth knowing: the City of Chicago is reassessed in 2027 under the county’s triennial cycle, so work finished in 2026 will be on the books when those notices mail.

The wrong lesson to draw is to skip permits. Unpermitted work can be excluded from your home’s finished living area in an appraisal, complicates any sale, and creates exactly the inspection-report risk Chicago buyers already fear. The permit costs you far less than the value it protects. Better to permit the work and use the tax relief the county actually offers.

The $75,000 Tax Break Most Chicago Owners Miss

Cook County’s Home Improvement Exemption lets an owner-occupant improve their home without being taxed on up to $75,000 of the added value for up to four years. No application is required. When the Assessor’s Office receives the building permit and completes its field check, it applies the exemption to eligible properties and mails the owner a notice.

The assessor’s own example makes the math plain. A $100,000 home expands, and the estimated market value rises to $175,000. The added $75,000 is exempt, so the home is assessed as if still worth $100,000 for up to four years. Routine maintenance does not qualify, and the property must be an owner-occupied Class 2 residence. After the exemption period, the added value joins your taxable base. Questions about your specific eligibility belong to the Assessor’s Office or your tax advisor; our lane is the value itself. But every Chicago owner planning a major project should know this program exists before the first wall comes down.

Plan the Project Like an Appraiser Would

Put it together and the Chicago playbook looks like this. Fix the old systems first, because this housing stock punishes deferred maintenance at sale. Add permitted, code-compliant space where your building type rewards it: the attic, the basement, the second unit. Pull the permit, take the exemption, and keep every receipt and sign-off. Then, before committing real money, find out what renovated homes on blocks like yours actually sell for.

A pre-renovation appraisal answers that last question with evidence. It tells you your home’s current value and how much room your block leaves for improvement, so the budget matches what the market will return. In a city where the answer changes every few streets, that is not a luxury. It is the difference between an investment and an expensive surprise.

Renovating a bungalow, two-flat, or greystone?

Find out what your block actually pays for the project you’re planning, from an appraisal firm that has valued Chicago housing stock for over two decades.

Price Your Project’s Payoff

Frequently Asked Questions

Will remodeling increase my property taxes in Chicago?

It can. Building permits in Cook County flow to the Assessor’s Office, which field-checks improvements and updates the property’s assessed value. The Home Improvement Exemption softens this for owner-occupants by exempting up to $75,000 of added value for up to four years, after which the added value becomes taxable.

What is the Cook County Home Improvement Exemption?

It is a program that lets owner-occupants of Class 2 residential property improve their homes without being taxed on up to $75,000 of the added value for up to four years. The Assessor’s Office applies it automatically after receiving the building permit and field-checking the work, so no application is needed.

Should I skip permits to avoid a higher assessment?

No. Unpermitted work may be excluded from your home’s finished living area in an appraisal, creates problems at sale, and raises red flags on inspection reports. Permitting the work and using the Home Improvement Exemption protects far more value than avoiding the assessor ever could.

Which renovations add the most value in Chicago?

In Chicago’s older stock, updated systems come first, since buyers discount homes with century-old wiring, plumbing, or roofs. After that, permitted space additions suit the building type: dormered attics and finished basements in bungalows, and legal second units in two-flats. Value varies block by block, so local comparable sales should guide the budget.

Should I get an appraisal before renovating my Chicago home?

For a major project, yes. A pre-renovation appraisal establishes your current value and shows what renovated homes on similar blocks sell for, so you can size the budget to your street’s actual ceiling before construction starts.

Two Decades of Valuing Chicago’s Bungalows and Two-Flats

PahRoo Appraisal & Consultancy has appraised Chicago-area homes for more than twenty years, led by an appraiser holding both MAI and SRA designations. For the national picture on which projects recover their cost, read our companion piece on property updates that add value, or request a residential appraisal before your next project breaks ground.


Multigenerational family enjoying time together at home in 2025
Multigenerational Living and What It Does to Home Value

Multigenerational living has quietly become one of the most durable forces in American housing. Fourteen percent of recent buyers purchased a multigenerational home, near the record 17% set a year earlier. Behind the trend sits a practical question most articles skip: what do in-law suites, second kitchens, and converted garages actually do to a home’s value? As appraisers, we get to answer that one.

By the end of this article, you’ll know:

  • Who is buying multigenerational homes and why the trend is here to stay
  • Which features buyers consistently pay for, and which ones can backfire
  • How an appraiser actually values an in-law suite, a second kitchen, or a garage conversion

Why Multigenerational Living Became Mainstream

The National Association of Realtors 2026 Generational Trends report puts numbers on what families already feel. Gen X leads the trend, with 19% of buyers in that group choosing a multigenerational home. The top motivations are caring for aging parents, cost savings, and adult children moving back home.

None of those drivers is going away. Housing costs remain high, the population keeps aging, and baby boomers now account for 42% of all buyers, many of them moving specifically to be closer to family. So this is not a pandemic blip or a design fad. It is a structural shift in what a meaningful share of buyers need a house to do.

The Features Multigenerational Buyers Pay For

When families combine households, they are really buying privacy and independence under one roof. A few features deliver that consistently. A suite with its own entrance, bathroom, and sitting area lets a parent or adult child live semi-independently. A main-floor bedroom with an accessible bath serves aging relatives without a renovation later. Kitchenettes or full second kitchens let two households keep separate routines.

Flexible space matters almost as much as finished space. A basement that could become a suite, or a bonus room over the garage, gives buyers room to adapt. In neighborhoods where multigenerational demand runs strong, homes with these features often draw a deeper buyer pool and sell with less friction. But “often” is doing real work in that sentence, and this is where valuation gets interesting.

How an Appraiser Values an In-Law Suite or Second Kitchen

The honest answer: a feature is worth what the local market pays for it, not what it cost to build. Appraisers measure that through comparable sales. If homes with in-law suites in your area sell for more than similar homes without them, that difference is the feature’s contributory value. A $90,000 suite addition might contribute $60,000, or $110,000, depending entirely on local demand.

A quick example shows how this plays out. Two owners on similar blocks each spend $85,000 finishing a basement suite with a bath and kitchenette. One neighborhood has a steady stream of Gen X buyers housing aging parents, and suites there routinely command a premium. The other skews toward first-time buyers who just want the cheapest three-bedroom they can find. Same project, same cost, very different contributory value. Cost tells you what you spent. Only the market tells you what you got.

A second kitchen is the classic mixed signal. To a multigenerational buyer, it is exactly what they need. To others, it whispers “former illegal apartment,” and in some municipalities it raises real zoning questions about whether the home is being used as two units. An appraiser has to consider both the market’s reaction and the legal use of the property. The same feature can be a premium in one neighborhood and a mild drag in another.

Permits decide whether space counts at all. A garage converted to a bedroom suite without permits may not be included in the home’s finished living area, because unpermitted space carries legal and safety risk that lenders and buyers discount. Owners are sometimes shocked that their most expensive project added little on paper. The lesson runs the other direction too: a permitted, well-executed suite in a high-demand area is among the strongest value adds a home can have.

Buyers face the mirror image of this problem. Listings now advertise “in-law suite” and “related living” as premium features, and sellers price accordingly. Some of those premiums are earned. Others rest on unpermitted space, awkward layouts, or a second kitchen the city never approved. Before you pay extra for a multigenerational setup, it is worth knowing whether the feature will hold its value when you eventually sell, or whether you are buying someone else’s permit problem at a markup.

Check Three Things Before You Build or Buy

First, permits and zoning. Confirm that any existing conversion was permitted, and that your municipality allows what you plan to build. Second, the comps. If no home in your area has sold with a second suite, the market may not yet reward one, however useful it is to your family. Third, the resale pool. A design that serves your household beautifully should still make sense to the next buyer.

An appraisal answers the value side of all three before money moves. For buyers, it tells you whether the multigenerational home is priced on real contributory value or on wishful thinking. For owners planning a suite, it tells you what the market will likely give back. Either way, you decide with a number instead of a hunch.

Adding a suite or buying a home with one?

Find out what that in-law suite, second kitchen, or converted space is actually worth in your market before you commit the money.

Value the Feature First

Frequently Asked Questions

Does an in-law suite increase home value?

Usually, but the amount depends on local demand. An appraiser measures the suite’s contributory value by comparing sales of similar homes with and without one. A permitted suite in an area with strong multigenerational demand can add substantial value; the same suite elsewhere may return less than it cost to build.

Does a second kitchen add or hurt value?

It cuts both ways. Multigenerational buyers often pay for the convenience, while other buyers may see zoning risk or a former illegal conversion. An appraiser weighs the local market’s reaction and whether the kitchen complies with the property’s legal use before crediting it with value.

Does unpermitted converted space count in an appraisal?

Often it does not count as finished living area. Unpermitted conversions carry legal and safety risk, so lenders and buyers discount them, and appraisers may exclude the space from the home’s reported square footage. Permitting work before selling protects the value of the investment.

How common is multigenerational home buying?

Very common now. NAR’s 2026 Generational Trends report found 14% of recent buyers purchased a multigenerational home, near the record 17% the year before. Gen X buyers led the trend at 19%, motivated by caring for aging parents, cost savings, and adult children moving home.

Should I get an appraisal before adding an in-law suite?

It is a smart first step. An appraiser can tell you what similar suites contribute to sale prices in your specific area, so you know the likely return before construction starts. That protects you from overbuilding for your neighborhood.

Know What the Suite Is Worth Before the Market Tells You

PahRoo Appraisal & Consultancy values homes across the Chicago area and beyond, led by an appraiser holding both MAI and SRA designations. From a residential appraisal before a purchase or renovation to full appraisal services for estates, divorce, and tax matters, we put a defensible number on the property so your family can plan around it.


NEWSLETTER

Knowing a property's true value is key
to making informed real estate decisions

Visit us

7383 Lincoln Ave Suite,
#100 Lincolnwood, IL, 60712